Introduction to Linked Lists Why Use Linked Lists Over Arrays? Types of Linked Lists (Singly, Doubly, Circular) Structure of a Node in a Linked List Creating a Linked List in C/C++/Java/Python Insertion Operations (Beginning, End, Middle) Deletion Operations (By Position, By Value) Traversal and Display of Linked List Elements ...

Introduction to String Manipulation What Does Reverse a String in Java Mean? Using for Loop to Reverse a String in Java Using StringBuilder and StringBuffer Using Recursion to Reverse a String Converting String to Char Array for Reversal Using Collections Framework for Reversal Reversing Words in a Sentence (Split Approach) ...

Introduction to Polymorphism What is a Virtual Function? Syntax of Virtual Functions in C++ Role of Virtual Functions in Runtime Polymorphism Base Class and Derived Class Behavior Function Overriding Using Virtual Functions V-Table and Virtual Table Mechanism Pure Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes Conclusion ...

Introduction to OOPs Concepts in C++ Basic Principles of OOPs Concepts in C++ Classes and Objects in C++ Data Members and Member Functions Constructors and Destructors Inheritance and Its Types Polymorphism: Compile-Time and Runtime Function Overloading and Operator Overloading Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes ...

Introduction to Functional Programming in Java What is a Lambda Expression in Java? Syntax of Lambda Expression in Java Functional Interfaces and Their Role Benefits of Using Lambda Expressions Lambda with Collections and Streams API Passing Lambda as Arguments Lambda vs Anonymous Inner Classes Common Use Cases (Sorting,...

Introduction to Decision-Making Statements in Java What is a Switch Case Statement? Syntax of Switch Case in Java How Works Switch Case in Java Switch vs if-else: Key Differences Using break and default Keywords Fall-Through Behavior Explained Switch Case with Strings and Enums (Java 7+) Nested Switch Statements Common Errors...

Introduction to Process Synchronization What is a Semaphore? Types of Semaphores: Binary and Counting How Semaphores Work – Basic Mechanism wait() and signal() Operations Explained Implementing Semaphores in Operating Systems Semaphore vs Mutex – Key Differences Conclusion Introduction to Process Synchronization In...

Introduction to Sorting Algorithms What is Quick Sort? How Quick Sort Works – Step-by-Step Choosing a Pivot Element Partitioning the Array Recursive Implementation of Quick Sort Time and Space Complexity Analysis Best Case, Worst Case, and Average Case Conclusion Introduction to Sorting Algorithms Sorting is a...

Introduction to Substring in Java Understanding the String Class in Java What is a Substring? Syntax of substring() Method substring(int beginIndex) vs substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Extracting Substrings from Strings Handling StringIndexOutOfBoundsException Substring Search and Matching Case Sensitivity in Substring...

Introduction to Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) Overview of Prim’s Algorithm Comparison with Kruskal’s Algorithm Graph Representation (Adjacency Matrix & List) Step-by-Step Execution of Prim’s Algorithm Priority Queue and Min-Heap in Prim’s Algorithm Pseudocode and Flowchart of Prim’s Algorithm Prim’s Algorithm...