Introduction to C++ Programs Basic Input/Output in C++ Programs Arithmetic Operations Program Conditional Statements (if, else if, switch) Looping Constructs (for, while, do-while) Functions and Recursion in C++ Programs Arrays and Matrix Manipulation String Handling Programs Object-Oriented Programs (Classes and Objects) ...

Introduction to String Manipulation What Does Reverse a String in Java Mean? Using for Loop to Reverse a String in Java Using StringBuilder and StringBuffer Using Recursion to Reverse a String Converting String to Char Array for Reversal Using Collections Framework for Reversal Reversing Words in a Sentence (Split Approach) ...

Introduction to OOPs Concepts in C++ Basic Principles of OOPs Concepts in C++ Classes and Objects in C++ Data Members and Member Functions Constructors and Destructors Inheritance and Its Types (Single, Multiple, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Hybrid) Polymorphism: Compile-Time and Runtime Function Overloading and Operator...

Introduction to Functional Programming in Java What is a Lambda Expression in Java? Syntax of Lambda Expression in Java Functional Interfaces and Their Role Benefits of Using Lambda Expressions Lambda with Collections and Streams API Passing Lambda as Arguments Lambda vs Anonymous Inner Classes Common Use Cases (Sorting,...

Introduction to Decision-Making Statements in Java What is a Switch Case Statement? Syntax of Switch Case in Java How Works Switch Case in Java Switch vs if-else: Key Differences Using break and default Keywords Fall-Through Behavior Explained Switch Case with Strings and Enums (Java 7+) Nested Switch Statements Common Errors...

Introduction to Substring in Java Understanding the String Class in Java What is a Substring? Syntax of substring() Method substring(int beginIndex) vs substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Extracting Substrings from Strings Handling StringIndexOutOfBoundsException Substring Search and Matching Case Sensitivity in Substring...

Introduction to Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) Overview of Prim’s Algorithm Comparison with Kruskal’s Algorithm Graph Representation (Adjacency Matrix & List) Step-by-Step Execution of Prim’s Algorithm Priority Queue and Min-Heap in Prim’s Algorithm Pseudocode and Flowchart of Prim’s Algorithm Prim’s Algorithm...

Introduction to Fibonacci Series Mathematical Definition of the Fibonacci Sequence Importance and Applications of Fibonacci Numbers Generating Fibonacci Series Using Loop Recursive Approach to Fibonacci Series in Python Using Memoization to Optimize Recursive Fibonacci Dynamic Programming Approach Generating Fibonacci Series...

Introduction to Data Compression What is Huffman Coding? Applications of Huffman Coding Frequency Table Steps to Construct Huffman Tree Priority Queue and Min-Heap Usage Encoding Process: How Characters Are Compressed Decoding Huffman Encoded Data Pseudocode and Flow Diagram Time and Space Complexity Analysis Real-World Use...

Introduction to Minimum Spanning Trees Overview of Kruskal’s Algorithm in DAA Graph Terminology (Vertices, Edges, Weights) Step-by-Step Explanation of Kruskal’s Algorithm Union-Find (Disjoint Set) Data Structure Pseudocode for Kruskal’s Algorithm in DAA Time and Space Complexity Analysis Implementation in C++/Java/Python ...