1. Can you describe your hands-on experience with AWS services such as EKS and Terraform?
Ans:
Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) is a managed Kubernetes solution that automates the deployment, management and scaling of containerized applications in the cloud. Terraform complements this by providing infrastructure as code capabilities, allowing teams to define and manage cloud resources consistently using declarative configuration files. Together they simplify automation, improve consistency and ensure scalability across environments.
2. How would you explain the key operational areas of DevOps concerning development and infrastructure?
Ans:
DevOps operations primarily focus on streamlining the entire application lifecycle, covering activities such as coding, building, testing, packaging, configuration, provisioning and deployment. It integrates development and infrastructure management to ensure continuous delivery, automation and monitoring of software systems, promoting collaboration between teams and enabling faster and more reliable releases.
3. What are the main technical and business advantages of implementing a DevOps culture?
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Adopting a DevOps culture brings numerous benefits, including faster software delivery, improved operational efficiency and reduced time to resolve issues. It improves teamwork, increases agility, promotes lifelong learning and makes employees more motivated. From a business perspective, DevOps contributes to higher customer satisfaction, better product quality and improved adaptability to changing market needs.
4. What is Docker Compose and how does it contribute to a DevOps workflow?
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One tool for defining and overseeing multi-container Docker applications is Docker Compose. With a single YAML file, developers may specify all the services, networks and volumes needed for an application. Once configured, the entire application can be launched using a single command, simplifying setup, consistency and automation across different environments within a DevOps pipeline.
5. How can Docker be integrated with Jenkins for use in a production setup?
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Integrating Docker with Jenkins involves installing the Docker plugin in Jenkins, configuring the Docker host and setting up pipelines that utilize Docker containers for building, testing and deploying applications. This integration allows Jenkins to execute jobs inside isolated containers, ensuring consistency across builds, improving scalability and simplifying the management of production deployments.
6. What purpose does a NAT Gateway serve in AWS and how does it operate?
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While preventing unwanted inbound connections from external networks, an AWS NAT gateway allows instances inside a subnet that is private to access the internet and other AWS services. Managed entirely by AWS, it offers high availability, better performance and scalability compared to self-managed NAT instances, making it an essential component in securing cloud infrastructure.
7. What are the major benefits of using Docker within a DevOps ecosystem?
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Docker provides significant benefits such as environment consistency, application isolation and efficient resource utilization. It allows teams to package applications with their dependencies into portable containers, ensuring that software runs identically across development, testing and production environments. Docker’s scalability also supports microservices architecture, enhancing deployment speed and system reliability.
8. How can a Docker image be moved from a testing environment to production using Jenkins?
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Transferring a Docker image from testing to production involves automating the process through a Jenkins pipeline. The pipeline typically builds the Docker image in the testing stage, pushes it to a secure container registry and then pulls the image from the registry for deployment in the production environment. This approach ensures smooth version control, consistency and reliability across releases.
9. What role does Kibana play within a DevOps pipeline?
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Kibana serves as a visualization layer for data stored in Elasticsearch, enabling teams to create real-time dashboards and analytical views. In a DevOps pipeline, Kibana helps monitor logs, track system metrics and identify performance bottlenecks. Its interactive visualizations simplify troubleshooting and provide valuable insights into application behavior and infrastructure health.
10. How can logs be collected from a Docker container and sent to the ELK Stack for analysis?
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Logs can be directed from Docker containers to the ELK Stack by configuring Logstash to capture and process log outputs. These logs are then indexed in Elasticsearch for efficient searching and stored for analysis. Finally, Kibana visualizes the data, enabling teams to monitor performance, identify errors and gain operational insights across multiple containers in real time.
