1. How can the different types of software testing be explained?
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There is two types of software testing manual testing and automated testing. Manual testing is carried out by testers without using tools while automation testing depends on scripts and tools such as Selenium. Both categories include functional testing like unit, integration, system and acceptance along with non-functional testing such as security, usability, performance and compatibility checks.
2. What does the Defect Life Cycle represent?
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The defect life cycle illustrates the journey of a bug from the moment it is detected until it is resolved. A defect typically starts as New, then moves to Assigned, Open, Fixed and Retested. After validation, it becomes Closed, though it may also be labeled as Rejected, Deferred or Duplicate depending on the situation.
3. How can validation and verification be differentiated?
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Verification guarantees that the product is built appropriately by analyzing papers, designs and processes without executing any code. Validation is the process of testing the finished product to make sure that it meets user expectations and functions properly in real-world situations. Essentially, verification is a static activity, while validation involves dynamic evaluation.
4. What are test cases and why do they matter?
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Test cases are structured steps created to confirm whether a specific function performs correctly. They provide organized testing, consistent results and better communication among QA teams. Well-written test cases increase coverage, reduce confusion and help detect issues more effectively.
5. How can a Test Plan be described?
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A test plan is a detailed document that outlines the testing scope, strategy, timelines, tools, environments and responsibilities. It specifies what will be tested, who will test it and how different challenges will be handled. A structured test plan ensures a coordinated testing approach, which enhances overall program quality.
6. In what way do white-box and black-box testing differ?
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White-box testing focuses on examining the internal code structure and logic, making it more suitable for unit-level testing and requiring programming knowledge. Black-box testing looks only at the inputs and outputs without any visibility into the code. This makes black-box methods ideal for functional testing at higher levels.
7. What is the objective of conducting regression testing?
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Regression testing checks whether new changes, fixes or enhancements have unintentionally affected existing features. It is usually performed after updates to ensure earlier functionality remains stable. Regular regression tests help prevent older bugs from reappearing and maintain product reliability.
8. What does Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) focus on?
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Boundary Value Analysis concentrates on testing the limits of input ranges where issues are most likely to occur. For example, when the valid range is 1 to 100, values such as 0, 1, 100 and 101 are examined. This technique helps detect errors at input boundaries, making it highly effective for validation.
9. What is the concept behind Equivalence Partitioning?
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Equivalence Partitioning divides input data into logical groups where values are expected to behave similarly. Testing one item from each group is considered sufficient, reducing the number of required test cases. This approach saves time while still maintaining meaningful coverage.
10. How can test cases be prioritized in manual testing?
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Test cases are prioritized based on how often a feature is used, the level of risk involved and the impact on the business if it fails. Critical functionalities and frequently accessed areas are addressed first. This helps identify major defects early and ensures essential areas remain stable.
