1. Describe the various kinds of software testing.
Ans:
Software testing includes Manual and Automation Testing, both covering Functional and Non-Functional testing types to ensure application quality throughout development.
2. What’s the difference between validation and verification?
Ans:
Verification ensures the product is built right by checking design specs through reviews. Validation confirms the right product is built by testing real-world scenarios to meet user needs.
3. What is the Defect Life Cycle?
Ans:
The defect life cycle includes stages like New, Assigned, Open, Fixed, Retested, Verified and Closed. It tracks the progress of a bug until its resolved or categorized (Rejected, Deferred, Duplicate).
4. What are test cases and why are they important?
Ans:
Test cases define the steps and conditions to check if software features work properly. They help ensure requirement coverage, consistent execution and help in tracking bugs during testing.
5. What is a Test Plan?
Ans:
A test plan outlines the testing scope, approach, schedule, environment, tools, risks and deliverables. It acts as a roadmap for executing testing activities efficiently.
6. What distinctions black-box testing from white-box testing?
Ans:
White-box testing requires coding knowledge to check internal logic. Black-box testing focuses on verifying functions without looking into the code structure based solely on inputs and outputs.
7. What is regression testing?
Ans:
Regression testing is re-running old tests after code changes to ensure existing features still work. It helps maintain stability after bug fixes or new enhancements.
8. Describe Boundary Value Analysis (BVA).
Ans:
BVA is testing technique that focuses on the edges of input ranges. Testing values just below, at and just above boundaries helps catch common edge-case defects.
9. What is Equivalence Partitioning?
Ans:
Equivalence Partitioning splits input data into similar behavior groups. One value from each group is tested, reducing total test cases while still achieving high test coverage.
10. How do you prioritize test cases in manual testing?
Ans:
Test cases are prioritized by risk, criticality, business impact and dependencies. High risk and frequently used modules are tested first to detect defects early.