1. Describe your experience managing Kubernetes clusters on AWS.
Ans:
Kubernetes is a platform for orchestrating containers, automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. AWS EKS provides a fully managed service, handling the control plane, updates, and cluster scaling, allowing developers to focus on application delivery rather than infrastructure management.
2. How do you use Terraform for managing infrastructure in the cloud?
Ans:
Terraform enables defining infrastructure as code, automating resource provisioning, and maintaining repeatable workflows. It supports both cloud and on-premise deployments, allows version control for infrastructure, and promotes collaboration across teams, ensuring consistent and automated infrastructure setups.
3. What is your approach to Docker and containerization?
Ans:
Docker packages applications and all their dependencies into containers, ensuring consistent execution across different environments. It simplifies deployment, reduces conflicts, enhances portability, and allows scalable container-based solutions across development, testing, and production stages.
4. How would you explain CI/CD and its significance?
Ans:
CI/CD automates the software development and release process. Continuous Integration merges code frequently with automated tests, while Continuous Deployment delivers verified code to staging or production automatically. This process reduces errors, speeds up delivery, and improves software quality.
5. How is high availability and disaster recovery implemented in cloud systems?
Ans:
High availability is achieved through redundant deployments across multiple regions or zones, auto-scaling, and load balancing. Disaster recovery strategies include scheduled backups, defining recovery objectives, and testing failover mechanisms to ensure services remain operational during unexpected failures.
6. What is the function of Jenkins in a DevOps pipeline?
Ans:
Jenkins automates building, testing, and deploying applications. It integrates with version control, container systems, and orchestration tools, enabling full automation of CI/CD pipelines. This reduces manual effort, ensures consistent delivery, and improves development efficiency.
7. How do you handle performance monitoring and log management?
Ans:
Performance monitoring tracks system and application metrics, while logging captures events for troubleshooting. Prometheus provides real-time metrics, and the ELK Stack centralizes logs, enabling teams to identify issues quickly, analyze trends, and maintain operational reliability.
8. Why is version control important, and how is it applied in DevOps?
Ans:
Version control is critical for managing code changes, collaboration, and tracking history. Tools like Git allow branching, merging, and rolling back code, supporting multiple environments and ensuring that development is organized, traceable, and error-resistant.
9. Can you share an example of troubleshooting a production issue?
Ans:
A production system was facing downtime due to memory leaks. By reviewing logs and profiling the application, the issue was identified and corrected. Monitoring was enhanced to detect similar anomalies, resulting in stable operations and improved system reliability.
10. How do you integrate security into the DevOps lifecycle?
Ans:
Security is embedded through DevSecOps by automating code scans, managing secrets securely with Vault, enforcing access controls, and integrating security testing within CI/CD pipelines. This ensures that development and deployment remain secure without compromising delivery speed.
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