1. How is cybersecurity defined and why is it important?
Ans:
The technique of preventing unwanted access, damage or attacks on computers, networks and sensitive data is known as cybersecurity. It helps safeguard organizations and users, prevents data breaches and reduces financial and reputational losses.
2. How do Intrusion Detection Systems differ from Intrusion Prevention Systems?
Ans:
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) observes network traffic and alerts administrators about suspicious activity but does not block it. An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) not only detects threats but also takes immediate action to block or prevent attacks in real time.
3. What kinds of cyberthreats are most prevalent?
Ans:
Common cyber threats include phishing, malware, ransomware, DDoS attacks, SQL injection and man-in-the-middle attacks. Phishing, for example, tricks users through fake emails to steal passwords or sensitive data.
4. What methods can protect a network effectively?
Ans:
Network security can be strengthened using firewalls, IDS/IPS, VPNs, antivirus software, strong access controls, regular system updates and continuous monitoring. These measures help in guarding against cyberattacks and preventing unwanted access.
5. How does encryption work and what are its types?
Ans:
Encryption converts readable information into unreadable data to prevent unauthorized access. Symmetric encryption, such as AES, uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt information. For enhanced security, asymmetric encryption, such RSA, uses private key for decryption and public key for encryption.
6. What distinguishes vulnerability assessment from penetration testing?
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Using vulnerability assessment, systems' flaws are found without being taken advantage of. In order to mimic actual attacks, penetration testing actively exploits vulnerabilities. Both strategies assist companies in improving their security posture.
7. How can cybersecurity professionals keep updated on threats?
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Staying informed involves following security blogs, subscribing to threat intelligence feeds, attending webinars, joining professional communities, pursuing certifications and reviewing research reports. These steps help track new vulnerabilities and emerging attacks.
8. What is multi-factor authentication and why is it important?
Ans:
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires two or more verification methods to confirm identity, such as a password, one-time code (OTP) or biometrics like fingerprints or facial recognition. Even in the case of password theft, MFA adds an extra layer of protection.
9. What is the proper way to respond to a ransomware attack?
Ans:
Systems affected by ransomware should be isolated immediately to prevent spread. Data is restored from secure backups while the attack vector is analyzed. Security defenses are updated, monitoring is enhanced and employees are trained to prevent similar attacks in the future.
10. Can you give an example of a recent cybersecurity breach?
Ans:
The SolarWinds assault is a prominent instance of how hackers gained access to numerous firms by taking advantage of flaws in supply chain software. Software defects were among the weaknesses; nevertheless, the likelihood of reoccurring occurrences might be decreased by using mitigation strategies such as prompt patching, ongoing monitoring and threat detection.
