Introduction to OOPs Concepts in C++ Basic Principles of OOPs Concepts in C++ Classes and Objects in C++ Data Members and Member Functions Constructors and Destructors Inheritance and Its Types Polymorphism: Compile-Time and Runtime Function Overloading and Operator Overloading Virtual Functions and Abstract Classes ...

Introduction to Functional Programming in Java What is a Lambda Expression in Java? Syntax of Lambda Expression in Java Functional Interfaces and Their Role Benefits of Using Lambda Expressions Lambda with Collections and Streams API Passing Lambda as Arguments Lambda vs Anonymous Inner Classes Common Use Cases (Sorting,...

Introduction to Decision-Making Statements in Java What is a Switch Case Statement? Syntax of Switch Case in Java How Works Switch Case in Java Switch vs if-else: Key Differences Using break and default Keywords Fall-Through Behavior Explained Switch Case with Strings and Enums (Java 7+) Nested Switch Statements Common Errors...

Introduction to Process Synchronization What is a Semaphore? Types of Semaphores: Binary and Counting How Semaphores Work – Basic Mechanism wait() and signal() Operations Explained Implementing Semaphores in Operating Systems Semaphore vs Mutex – Key Differences Conclusion Introduction to Process Synchronization In...

Introduction to Sorting Algorithms What is Quick Sort? How Quick Sort Works – Step-by-Step Choosing a Pivot Element Partitioning the Array Recursive Implementation of Quick Sort Time and Space Complexity Analysis Best Case, Worst Case, and Average Case Conclusion Introduction to Sorting Algorithms Sorting is a...

Introduction to Substring in Java Understanding the String Class in Java What is a Substring? Syntax of substring() Method substring(int beginIndex) vs substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Extracting Substrings from Strings Handling StringIndexOutOfBoundsException Substring Search and Matching Case Sensitivity in Substring...

Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) Overview of Prim’s Algorithm Comparison with Kruskal’s Algorithm Graph Representation (Adjacency Matrix & List) Step-by-Step Execution of Prim’s Algorithm Priority Queue and Min-Heap in Prim’s Algorithm Pseudocode and Flowchart of Prim’s Algorithm Prim’s Algorithm Implementation...

Introduction to Fibonacci Series Mathematical Definition of the Fibonacci Sequence Importance and Applications of Fibonacci Numbers Generating Fibonacci Series Using Loop Recursive Approach to Fibonacci Series in Python Using Memoization to Optimize Recursive Fibonacci Dynamic Programming Approach Generating Fibonacci Series...

Introduction to Data Compression What is Huffman Coding? Applications of Huffman Coding Frequency Table Steps to Construct Huffman Tree Priority Queue and Min-Heap Usage Encoding Process: How Characters Are Compressed Decoding Huffman Encoded Data Pseudocode and Flow Diagram Time and Space Complexity Analysis Real-World Use...

Introduction to Packages in Java Why Use Packages? – Purpose and Advantages Types of Packages – Built-in vs. User-defined Creating a Custom Package Importing Packages – Syntax and Use Package Naming Conventions Access Modifiers and Package-Level Access Conclusion Introduction to Packages in Java In Java, a Java...