1. Why is Python such a popular programming language?
Ans:
Python is popular because it has clear and easy-to-read code, making it great for beginners. It has many libraries that help in web development, data science, AI and automation. Its simplicity combined with powerful features makes it suitable for both new learners and professional developers.
2. How does Python handle memory management?
Ans:
Python automatically manages memory using private heap and garbage collection. It allocates space when new objects are created and cleans up unused objects to free memory. This means programmers don’t have to worry about managing memory manually, reducing errors and improving efficiency.
3. What are namespaces in Python and why are they important?
Ans:
Namespaces in Python are like containers that keep track of names such as variables and functions. They prevent naming conflicts by organizing these names into different areas like local, global or built-in scopes. This helps the program know exactly which item you are referring to.
4. What is PEP 8 and why should it be followed?
Ans:
PEP 8 is Python’s official guide for writing clean and consistent code. It gives rules about formatting, naming and style that help make code easier to read and understand. Following PEP 8 helps teams work better together and keeps the code maintainable over time.
5. How do lists differ from tuples in Python?
Ans:
Lists are flexible collections where you can add, remove, or change items after creation. Tuples are similar but cannot be changed once created. Lists are good for data that changes, while tuples are used for fixed sets of values that should stay constant.
6. What is a decorator in Python and how is it useful?
Ans:
A decorator is a tool that lets you add extra functionality to function without changing its actual code. It is useful for adding features like logging or access control in a neat and reusable way. This keeps the code neat and orderly.
7. What types of inheritance does Python support?
Ans:
Python supports many inheritance types including single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical and hybrid. These allow a class to inherit properties and methods from one or more parent classes, helping to reuse code and build programs that are easier to maintain.
8. How does Python support multithreading?
Ans:
Python can run multiple threads at the same time to do tasks concurrently. However, due to some internal limits, it works best for tasks that involve waiting like input/output operations, rather than heavy computations. This helps improve performance in suitable scenarios.
9. What differentiates deep copy from shallow copy in Python?
Ans:
Changes to the inner sections of a shallow copy impact both copies since it creates a new object while maintaining references to the original nested elements. A deep copy duplicates everything completely, making the new object fully independent from the original.
10. How do stacks and queues work in Python?
Ans:
Stacks and queues are ways to organize data in specific orders. A stack follows last-in, first-out (LIFO), meaning the last added item is accessed first. A queue follows first-in, first-out (FIFO), so items are processed in the order they arrive. Both help manage data efficiently.
