Oracle Training in Tambaram

Grid Computing in Oracle Database

• On the path toward this grand vision of grid computing, companies need real solutions to support their incremental moves toward a more flexible and more productive IT architecture.
• The Oracle Database 10g family of software products implements much of the core grid technology to get companies started.
• And Oracle delivers this grid computing functionality in the context of holistic enterprise architecture, providing a robust security infrastructure, centralized management, intuitive, powerful development tools, and universal access.

OracleDatabase includes

• Although the grid features of Oracle 10g span all of the products listed above, this discussion will focus on the grid computing capabilities of Oracle Database 10g.

Infrastructure Grid

• Server Virtualization. Oracle Real Application Clusters 10g (RAC) enable a single database to run across multiple clustered nodes in a grid, pooling the processing resources of several standard machines. Oracle is uniquely flexible in its ability to provision workload across machines because it is the only database technology that does not require data to be partitioned and distributed along with the work.
• Oracle 10g Release 2 software includes enhancements for balancing connections across RAC instances, based on policies.
  Storage Virtualization.
• The Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) feature of Oracle Database 10g provides a virtualization layer between the database and storage so that multiple disks can be treated as a single disk group and disks can be dynamically added or removed while keeping databases online.
• Existing data will automatically be spread across available disks for performance and utilization optimization.
• In Oracle 10g Release 2, ASM supports multiple databases, which could be at different software version levels, accessing the same storage pool.

Grid Management

• Because grid computing pools together multiple servers and disks and allocates them to multiple purposes, it becomes more important that individual resources are largely self-managing and that other management functions are centralized.
  The Grid Control feature of Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g provides a single console to manage multiple systems together as a logical group.
• Grid Control manages provisioning of nodes in the grid with the appropriate full stack of software and enables configurations and security settings to be maintained centrally for groups of systems.
• Another aspect to grid management is managing user identities in a way that is both highly secure and easy to maintain.
• Oracle Identity Management 10g includes an LDAP-compliant directory with delegated administration and now, in Release 2, federated identity management so that single sign-on capabilities can be securely shared across security domains.
• Oracle Identity Management 10g closely adheres to grid principles by utilizing a central point for applications to authenticate users - the single sign-on server - while, behind the scenes, distributing control of identities via delegation and federation to optimize maintainability and overall operation of the system.

Applications Grid

• Standard Web Services Support. In addition to the robust web services support in Oracle Application Server 10g, Oracle database 10g can publish and consume web services. DML and DDL operations can be exposed as web services, and functions within the database can make a web service appear as a SQL row source, enabling use of powerful SQL tools to analyze web service data in conjunction with relational and non-relational data.
• Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g enhances Oracle's support for service oriented architectures by monitoring and managing web services and any other administrator-defined services, tracking end-to-end performance and performing root cause analysis of problems encountered.

Information Grid

• Data Provisioning. Information starts with data, which must be provisioned wherever consumers need it.
• For example, users may be geographically distributed, and fast data access may be more important for these users than access to an identical resource. In these cases, data must be shared between systems, either in bulk or near real time.
• Oracle's bulk data movement technologies include Transportable Tablespaces and Data Pump.
• For more fine-grained data sharing, the Oracle Streams feature of Oracle Database 10g captures database transaction changes and propagates them, thus keeping two or more database copies in sync as updates are applied.
• It also unifies traditionally distinct data sharing mechanisms, such as message queuing, replication, events, data warehouse loading, notifications and publish/subscribe, into a single technology.

Centralized Data Management

• Oracle Database 10g manages all types of structured, semi-structured and unstructured information, representing, maintaining and querying each in its own optimal way while providing common access to all via SQL and XML Query.
• Along with traditional relational database structures, Oracle natively implements OLAP cubes, standard XML structures, geographic spatial data and unlimited sized file management, thus virtualizing information representation.
• Combining these information types enables connections between disparate types of information to be made as readily as new connections are made with traditional relational data.
• Metadata Management. Oracle Warehouse Builder is more than a traditional batch ETL tool for creating warehouses.
• It enforces rules to achieve data quality, does fuzzy matching to automatically overcome data inconsistency, and uses statistical analysis to infer data profiles.
• With Oracle 10g Release 2, its metadata management capabilities are extended from scheduled data pulls to handle a transaction-time data push from an Oracle database implementing the Oracle Streams feature.
• Oracle's series of enterprise data hub products (for example, Oracle Customer Data Hub) provide real-time synchronization of operational information sources so that companies can have a single source of truth while retaining separate systems and separate applications, which may include a combination of packaged, legacy and custom applications.
• In addition to the data cleansing and scheduling mechanisms,
• Oracle also provides a well-formed schema, established from years of experience building enterprise applications, for certain common types of information, such as customer, financial, and product information.
• Metadata Inference. Joining the Oracle 10g software family is the new Oracle Enterprise Search product.
• Oracle Enterprise Search 10g crawls all information sources in the enterprise, whether public or secure, including e-mail servers, document management servers, file systems, web sites, databases and applications, then returns information from all of the most relevant sources for a given search query.
• This crawl and index process uses a series of heuristics specific to each data source to infer metadata about all enterprise information that is used to return the most relevant results to any query.

Overview of Application Architecture

• There are two common ways to architect a database;

Client/Server Architecture

• Multiprocessing uses more than one processor for a set of related jobs.
• Distributed processing reduces the load on a single processor by allowing different processors to concentrate on a subset of related tasks, thus improving the performance and capabilities of the system as a whole.
• An Oracle database system can easily take advantage of distributed processing by using its client/server architecture. In this architecture, the database system is divided into two parts: a front-end or a client, and a back-end or a server.

The Client

• The client is a database application that initiates a request for an operation to be performed on the database server.
• It requests, processes, and presents data managed by the server.
• The client workstation can be optimized for its job. For example, it might not need large disk capacity, or it might benefit from graphic capabilities.
• Often, the client runs on a different computer than the database server, generally on a PC. Many clients can simultaneously run against one server.

The Server

• The server runs Oracle software and handles the functions required for concurrent, shared data access.
• The server receives and processes the SQL and PL/SQL statements that originate from client applications.
• The computer that manages the server can be optimized for its duties. For example, it can have large disk capacity and fast processors.

A multitier architecture has the following components

• A client or initiator process that starts an operation
• One or more application servers that perform parts of the operation.
• An application server provides access to the data for the client and performs some of the query processing, thus removing some of the load from the database server.
• It can serve as an interface between clients and multiple database servers, including providing an additional level of security.
• An end or database server that stores most of the data used in the operation
• This architecture enables use of an application server to do the following:
• Validate the credentials of a client, such as a Web browser
• Connect to an Oracle database server
• Perform the requested operation on behalf of the client
• If proxy authentication is being used, then the identity of the client is maintained throughout all tiers of the connection.