When you choose the TOEFL iBT test to demonstrate your English proficiency, you’ll have access to our full line of official test prep resources to help you do your best and stand out to admissions officers. Purchase materials through your ETS account or practice with our free resources to prepare for success! How to Prepare for the TOEFL:...

The ESA Project has proposed a Code of Ethics for Project Management, which is included in this Special Report. A proposed set of topic areas that would constitute the framework for the unique body of project management knowledge-critical to the recognition of a project management profession—is also presented … The set of topic areas may...

Slack, also called float, is the amount of time a task can slip before it bumps into another task. It’s automatically calculated into your project when you schedule tasks, and you can use it as buffer time if needed when your schedule is at risk of being delayed. Learn about slack (float) By default and by definition, a task with zero (0)...

The Project Management Institute defines project management as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements (PMBOK Guide, 3rd Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., PN, 2005). To sum up, project management is all about making the project happen. It is a discipline of...

Scrum is one of the most popular agile frameworks in use today and rightly so- it is used to develop complex products and systems. The name scrum is originally a rugby term. In rugby, a scrum is a cluster of players trying to get the ball. In the field of project management, “scrum” refers to the brief meetings where team members come...

Is estimating project durations hard? Why? For many project management teams, it is a complex task to analyze or predict how long it takes to complete a project. Missing the deadlines and breaking budgets leads to faulty estimates in large and complex projects. Upon the point of delivery, project teams utilize a refined estimation to predict...

What is Cost Management? It includes processes required to complete the project within the approved budget. With its processes, this knowledge area aims to determine the required budget to complete the project and then aims to monitor and control the project costs to meet the determined budget. The major output of this knowledge area is...

The Project Scope Management is the process to ensure that a particular project includes all the work relevant/appropriate to achieve the project's objectives. Its primary aim is to control what is and is not involved in the project. The Scope Management techniques enable project managers and supervisors to allocate just the right amount of work...

The type of structure depends on many factors, such as governing style, leadership style, workflow, hierarchy, and many more. The PMBOK Guide defines eight organizational structures: Organic or Simple OrganizationFunctional or Centralized OrganizationMulti-divisional OrganizationMatrix OrganizationProject Oriented (Composite or Hybrid)...

Scrum Master Certification has become a necessity these days in any organisation in any industry. The certification showcases the ability of the Scrum Master. Scrum and Agile training are used in all levels, especially when an important project is being conducted within an organisation; it helps in increasing the transparency of the works and...