1. What does cybersecurity mean and why is it essential?
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Cybersecurity involves protecting computers, networks and sensitive information from unauthorized access, attacks or damage. It prevents data breaches, financial losses and helps maintain trust in digital systems. Ensuring strong cybersecurity safeguards both individuals and organizations from potential harm.
2. How do IDS and IPS systems differ?
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An intrusion detection system analyzes network traffic and sends notifications when suspicious behavior is discovered. An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) goes further by actively blocking threats in real time, preventing attacks before they can compromise systems. Both play vital roles in network protection.
3. What are common types of cyber threats?
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Cyber threats include phishing, malware, ransomware, DDoS attacks, SQL injections and man-in-the-middle attacks. Phishing involves tricking individuals into revealing passwords or sensitive information through deceptive emails or messages. Each type poses unique risks to networks and data.
4. What measures can help secure a network?
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Network security is maintained using firewalls, IDS/IPS systems, VPNs, antivirus software, strong access controls, regular system updates and continuous monitoring. These measures prevent unauthorized access, detect potential threats and minimize the likelihood of security breaches.
5. How does encryption work and what are its main types?
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Encryption converts readable information into an encoded format to prevent unauthorized access. Whereas asymmetric encryption uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption, symmetric encryption uses a single key for both.
6. How do vulnerability assessment and penetration testing differ?
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Vulnerability assessment identifies weaknesses in systems without exploiting them, providing a risk overview. Penetration testing actively exploits vulnerabilities to simulate real attacks. Both approaches help organizations strengthen security and address potential threats effectively.
7. How can professionals stay updated on cybersecurity threats?
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Keeping up with cybersecurity trends involves following security blogs, threat intelligence feeds, webinars, professional communities, certifications and research reports. Staying informed about emerging vulnerabilities helps professionals anticipate attacks and respond proactively.
8. What is multi-factor authentication and why is it significant?
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Multi-factor authentication (MFA) verifies identity using two or more methods, such as passwords, one-time codes or biometric data like fingerprints and facial recognition. Even in the event that credentials are stolen, MFA offers an additional degree of security, lowering the possibility of unwanted access.
9. How should a ransomware attack be handled?
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During a ransomware incident, affected systems must be isolated to stop the spread of malware. Data should be restored from secure backups, attack methods analyzed, security measures upgraded, monitoring enhanced and staff trained to prevent future incidents.
10. Can you provide an example of a major cybersecurity breach?
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One prominent instance of hackers gaining access to several firms by taking use of supply chain software flaws is the SolarWinds attack. Effective mitigation included applying patches, continuous monitoring and proactive threat detection to reduce risks and prevent similar attacks.