Learn Software Testing Interview Question & Answer [SURE SHOT]

Last updated on 04th Jul 2020, Blog, Interview Questions

A crucial stage of the software development life cycle is software testing, which looks for flaws or problems in an application. Providing end users with a dependable and high-quality product is the main objective. In order to verify the software’s functionality, performance, security, and other features, testing entails methodically running it under controlled circumstances, both manually and with the use of automated tools. There are several testing levels in the process that target different aspects of the software, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. 

1. What is Software Testing?

Ans:

The process of evaluating and verifying that a software system or application operates as intended. Testing finds errors or flaws in the program. And ensures its quality and reliability. It involves executing software/system components that evaluate one or more qualities of interest using automated or manual techniques.

2. How many test cases can you execute in a day?

Ans:

Complexity, automation, and resource availability are some of the variables that affect how many test cases can be run in a given day. Setting a priority list for critical scenarios is essential; the number of these scenarios varies depending on the project and testing conditions.

3. How much time is required to register a test case?

Ans:

The amount of software complexity, the clarity of the requirements, and the tester’s level of application familiarity are some of the variables that affect how many test cases a tester can write in a given day or how long it takes to create a test case. Depending on the aforementioned variables, an experienced tester may be able to write five to twenty test cases or more in a single day on average. When creating test cases, it’s important to prioritize quality over quantity, making sure that each test case is thoroughly documented, addresses various scenarios, and successfully advances the overall testing strategy.

4. What are the best practices for writing test cases?

Ans:

• Clearly define test objectives.
• Use a standard format for test case documentation.
• Keep test cases independent and isolated.
• Prioritize and organize test cases logically.
• Provide clear and detailed steps for test execution.
• Include expected results and acceptance criteria.
• Review and validate test cases with stakeholders.

5. Name some popular configuration management tools.

Ans:

• Git
• Subversion (SVN)
• Mercurial
• Perforce
• Bitbucket

6. What is configuration management?

Ans:

Configuration management involves the systematic management of an evolving software system. It includes version control, change management, and the establishment of baselines to ensure that the software configuration remains consistent throughout its development and maintenance.

7. How many defects did you detect in your last project?

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The quantity of flaws found in a project varies greatly and is determined by a number of variables, including the project’s complexity, the extent of testing, and the caliber of the development process. Using rigorous testing methodologies to find and fix possible problems early in the development lifecycle was the main focus of my most recent project. We used both automated and manual testing techniques as part of a methodical testing process. Many issues were found and fixed as a consequence of the efficient defect detection process.

8. What is a Modification Request?

Ans:

A Modification Request (MR) is a formal document outlining a proposed software or system change. It includes details about the requested modification, reasons for the change, and the impact on the project. The MR is typically submitted for review and approval.

9. What is the difference between SDET, Test Engineer, and Developer?

Ans:

• SDET (Software Development Engineer in Test): SDETs possess development and testing skills. They are involved in writing code to automate tests and develop testing tools.
• Test Engineer: The duties of a Test Engineer include creating and executing test cases, detecting and reporting errors, and guaranteeing the program’s general quality.
• Developer: Developers are primarily responsible for writing code to build software applications. They focus on implementing new features and functionality.

10. What is the Test Plan, and what contents are available in a Test Plan?

Ans:

A Test Plan is a detailed document that specifies the testing approach for a particular project or release. It includes:

• Test objectives
• Scope and features to be tested
• Testing tasks and responsibilities
• Test deliverables
• Test schedule
• Test environment and infrastructure
• Entry and exit criteria
• Test criteria and suspension criteria

11. What is an Enhancement report?

Ans:

An Enhancement Report is a document that describes a proposed enhancement or improvement to an existing software system. It includes information about the desired changes, their benefits, and any potential impact on the system. Enhancement reports are typically submitted for evaluation and approval before implementation.

12. What if the software is so buggy that it can’t be tested?

Ans:

If the software is so buggy that it can’t be effectively tested, it indicates a significant quality issue. In such cases, the development team needs to address the critical bugs first before meaningful testing caTestingplace. Trying on extremely buggy software may yield unreliable results, and it’s crucial to collaborate between development and testing teams to prioritize and fix the most severe defects.

13. What is Verification in software testing?

Ans:

Verification is evaluating work products (such as requirements, design documents, and code) to ensure that they meet the specified requirements. It is a static process that does not involve executing the code. The goal is to check if the product is being built right.

14. What distinguishes quality control from quality assurance?

Ans:

	Aspect	Quality Control	Quality Assurance
Focus	Concentrate Focuses on defect detection and correction post-development.	Concentrates on averting errors both prior to and during development.
Timing	Executed either during or following the development stage.	Applied during the whole process of development.
Goal	Makes sure the finished product satisfies the requirements.	Strives to enhance and stabilize the process of development in order to avoid errors.
Responsibility	Primarily the testing team’s responsibility.	Shared accountability among all members of the development team.
Activities	Comprises examinations, tests, and inspections.	Includes best practices, standards, and process audits.

15. What is Validation in software testing?

Ans:

Validation is assessing a system or component at the beginning or conclusion of development to see if it meets the requirements as stated. It involves dynamic testing and testing to ensure that the product is working as intended. The goal is to check if the right product is being built.

16. What is Static Testing?

Ans:

One of the most important stages of the software development life cycle is called static testing, which is looking at documents and software artifacts without running the code. By identifying flaws early in the development process, this proactive testing strategy seeks to reduce the possibility that problems will persist into later phases. Static testing activities involve a variety of methods, such as walkthroughs, inspections, and reviews.

17. What is Positive and Negative Testing?

Ans:

• Positive Testing: Testing is tested with valid input data to ensure it behaves as expected. The goal is to correctly validate the system’s functions when given the correct inputs.
• Negative Testing: In negative testing, testing is tested with invalid or unexpected input data to ensure that error-handling mechanisms work as intended. The goal is to identify how the system handles incorrect inputs and whether it provides appropriate error messages.

18. What is Dynamic Testing?

Ans:

• Definition: Dynamic testing is running the program to verify how it behaves.
• Activities: It consists of a range of testing procedures, including pertinence, security, performance, and functional testing.
• Execution: Dynamic testing, in contrast to static testing, necessitates the real software run in order to monitor and assess its functionality.
• Validation: Ensuring that the program operates as intended during runtime is the main objective.

19. What is White Box Testing?

Ans:

White Box Testing, also known as clear-box or glass-box testing, involves testing a system’s internal structures or workings. Testers know the internal code and use this knowledge to design test cases. It is mainly used for unit testing.

20. What is Black Box Test?

Ans:

Black Box Testing is an approach in which the system’s internal workings or code are not known to the tester. Testers focus on the system’s inputs and outputs, testing the functionality without knowing the internal code. It is used for higher-level testing, liTestinggration and acceptance testing.

21. What is Grey Box Testing?

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Grey Box Testing is an amalgam of White Box and black box testing. Testers have partial knowledge of the internal code and utilize this understanding to create test cases, combining aspects of both transparent and opaque testing approaches.

22. What is Test Strategy?

Ans:

A Test Strategy is a high-level document outlining a software project’s overall testing approach. It offers a schedule for testing tasks and acts as a roadmap for the testing group. The Test Strategy is created during the early stages of the project and addresses factors such as testing objectives, scope, resources, schedule, and the overall testing methodology.

23. What are the tasks of Test Closure activities in Software Testing?

Ans:

• Prepare a Test Summary Report.
• Evaluate test completion criteria.
• Assess whether all planned testing activities are completed.
• Analyze the test results and summarize findings.
• Obtain approvals for test closure.
• Hand over testware to the maintenance team.

24. What is Testing Ready for a Suit?

Ans:

• The state in which a test suite is ready and equipped for execution is referred to as testing readiness.
• Getting everything ready for use includes making sure that all test cases, scripts, and test data are available.
• Configuration and setup of the hardware and software in the testing environment should be done correctly.
• Dependencies: Interfaces for testing should be available, and any dependencies on other programs or systems should be fixed.

25. What is the Test Scenario?

Ans:

A high-level explanation of a test scenario is contained in a specific test condition or situation. It outlines the conditions that need to be tested and the expected outcomes. Test Scenarios are broader than individual test cases and are often used to derive multiple test cases.

26. What is a Test Case?

Ans:

A Test Case is a detailed set of conditions, inputs, and expected results designed to test a specific aspect of the software. Test Cases serve as executable specifications and are used to verify whether the application behaves as intended under certain conditions.

27. What is Examine the script?

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An instruction set is called a test script. Written in a scripting language for executing a specific test case. It may include test data, actions to be performed, and expected outcomes. Test Scripts are often associated with automated testing, but testing can also be used in manual testing.

28. List out Test Deliverables.

Ans:

Test deliverables include documents and artefacts produced during the testing process. Expected test deliverables include:

• Test Plan
• Test Cases
• Test Scripts
• Test Data
• Test Logs
• Defect Reports
• Test Summary Report

29. What is the Environment of Testing?

Ans:

• The hardware, software, and network configurations used to carry out testing operations are collectively referred to as the testing environment.
• Servers, databases, operating systems, network configurations, and any other components required for testing are included in the components section.
• Isolation: To prevent disruption of live systems, testing environments are frequently kept apart from production environments.
• Configurations: To guarantee accurate testing results, the environment should be as close to the production environment as feasible.

30. What is Test Harness?

Ans:

A Test Harness, also known as a test automation framework, is a collection of software and test data configurations that allows the testing of the testingware application. It provides an infrastructure for the execution of test cases and the collection of test results. Test harnesses are commonly used in automated testing environments.

31. What is Test Termination?

Ans:

The last stage of the is called Test Closure Testing process. It involves formally closing out the testing activities for a particular test level or the entire project. Test Closure aims to assess the testing effort, document the results, and provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software.

32. What is the coverage of tests?

Ans:

Test Coverage is a measurement that’s used to assess the extent to which a software application’s source code or requirements have been tested. It helps evaluate the thoroughness of trying and testing areas that have yet to be exercised. Test coverage can include various dimensions such as statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage.

33. What are the most common components of a defect report?

Ans:

• Defect ID
• Description: A detailed description of the defect.
• Steps to Reproduce: Clear steps to reproduce the defect.
• Expected and Actual Results
• Severity and Priority
• Environment Details: Information about the system configuration where the defect was found.

34. What are the different categories of debugging?

Ans:

• Manual Debugging: Debugging is performed manually by developers.
• Print Statement Debugging: Adding print statements to the code to trace its execution.
• Interactive Debugging: Using debugging tools allows developers to interactively inspect and control the execution of the code.
• After-the-fact Debugging: Analysing logs and error reports after a failure has occurred.

35. Explain how a test coverage tool works.

Ans:

Test coverage tools monitor the execution of a software application and collect data on which parts of the code were executed during testing. TTestingols analyze the source code or bytecode and produce metrics indicating the percentage of code that was covered by tests. Test coverage tools help identify areas of code that have not been exercised, aiding in the creation of more comprehensive test suites.

36. What is Code coverage?

Ans:

Code Coverage is a specific type of test coverage that quantifies the degree of program execution of its source code during testing. Testing insights into which lines of code, branches, or paths have been covered by test cases and which have not.

37. What is a Test Report?

Ans:

A Test Report is a document that provides an overview of the testing activities and their results. It includes information about test execution, test coverage, defect status, and other relevant metrics. The Test Report is often shared with stakeholders to communicate the quality of the software.

38. How would you use assertion in Python to determine whether the value of the variable ‘result’ equals 10?

Ans:

The `assert` statement is utilized in this example to check if the condition `result == 10` is true. An AssertionError with the given message is raised if it isn’t true. Test scripts can benefit from this for validating expected results.

39. Write some common mistakes that lead to significant issues.

Ans:

• Inadequate requirements analysis.
• Poorly defined test cases.
• Insufficient test data.
• InsufficientThere needs to be more communication between the testing and development teams.
• Incomplete or ineffective testing strategy.

40. What are the levels of testing?

Ans:

Tests of testing are testing different stages in the software development life cycle where testing is tested. Expected testing levels include:

• Unit Testing
• Integration Testing
• System Testing
• Acceptance Testing

41. What are Testing Units?

Ans:

Unit testing is the process of examining individual parts or units of a software application in isolation. It aims to verify that each unit of the software performs as designed. Developers typically do unit testing, an essential part of the development process.

42. What is Integration Testing?

Ans:

Integration Testing is when individual units or components are combined and tested as a group. The goal is to ensure that the units work together as intended. There are various approaches to integration testing, such as top-down, bottom-up, and incremental.

43. How would you build a try-catch block in Java to deal with a `NumberFormatException`?

Ans:

The code in the `try` block of this Java example has the potential to throw a `NumberFormatException`. A message is printed and the catch block captures the exception if it happens.

44. In manual testing, testing stubs and drivers?

Ans:

• Stubs: In the context of testing, aTestings a minimal, simplified version of a module or component that simulates the behaviour of the actual module.
• DTesting A driver is a program or module that controls the execution of another program or module. In testing, testing executes a component that calls or interacts with the element being tested.

45. What is the difference between integration testing and system testing?

Ans:

Integrity Checking:

• emphasizes how components interact with one another.
• confirms the integration of components.
• occurs prior to system testing, but after unit testing.

Testing the System:

• Verifies the system as a whole.
• carried out following integration testing.
• tests the integrated system as a whole.

46. What is System Testing?

Ans:

System Testing involves testing the entire software system as a whole. It verifies that all components integrated function correctly and meet the specified requirements. System Testing is done on a complete, integrated system and may include functional, performance, and security testing.

47. What is the Big Bang Approach?

Ans:

The Big Bang Approach to integration testing involves combining all components or units and testing them together as a whole. This approach is typically used when there is a need for a systematic integration strategy and testing without a predefined sequence.

48. What is the Top-Down Approach?

Ans:

The Top-Down Approach to integration testing starts with testing the higher-level modules or components first and gradually adds lower-level modules. This approach is often used when the top-level functionalities are critical and trying their interactions is a priority.

49. What is the Bottom-Up Approach?

Ans:

The Bottom-Up Approach to integration testing starts with testing the lower-level modules or components first and gradually adds higher-level modules. This approach is practical when lower-level functionalities are critical and the testing of testing interactions is a priority.

50. What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?

Ans:

• Functional Testing: Ensures that the software functions according to requirements.
• Non-Functional Testing: Focuses on characteristics like performance, usability, and security.

51. What is End-To-End Testing?

Ans:

• Definition: End-to-end (E2E) testing is a thorough testing methodology that assesses the functionality of the software system from beginning to end.
• Range: includes all external interfaces and integrated components to replicate real-world situations.
• Goal: confirms how the system behaves and how it works in an actual use case.
• Environment for Testing: carried out in a setting that is quite similar to the production setting.

52. What is the Acceptance Exam?

Ans:

The last stage of testing is called acceptance testing. It determines whether the software meets the acceptance criteria and is ready for deployment. It is usually performed by end-users, business stakeholders, or QA teams to ensure the application satisfies business requirements.

53. What is Alpha testing?

Ans:

One kind of acceptance testing that’s done is called alpha testing by the internal development team or a dedicated testing team. It is conducted at the developer’s site, focusing on finding defects before releasing the software to external users.

54. How does beta testing work?

Ans:

One kind of acceptability testing is called beta testing, where the software is released to a specific subset of outside users for testing in the testing world environment. It helps identify issues that may have yet to be discovered during alpha testing.

55. On what basis is the acceptance plan prepared?

Ans:

The acceptance plan is prepared based on the following:

• Business requirements
• User expectations
• Functional specifications
• Acceptance criteria
• Regulatory and compliance requirements

56. What is the difference between Sanity and Smoke Testing?

Ans:

• Smoke Testing: This initial examination determines whether The software build is sufficiently stable for more thorough testing. ITestinges on major functionalities without delving into detailed features. It helps decide whether further testing isTestingle.
• Sanity Testing: A narrow, focused test to check specific functionalities or modules after changes or bug fixes. It ensures that the recent changes have not adversely affected the existing functionalities.

57. What is Testing for smoke?

Ans:

Like build verification testing, smoke testing is an initial test on fresh software development to guarantee that the essential features work without significant issues. It helps determine whether further, more in-depth testing can be done.

58. What is Sanity Testing?

Ans:

Sanity Testing is testing performed on a particular module or component of the software after a specific change or bug fix. It verifies that the recent changes have not adversely affected the existing functionalities and that the module is still “sane” or stable.

59. What is Retesting?

Ans:

Retesting is an essential stage in the software testing process wherein particular defects that were found and rectified during an earlier testing phase are validated. Making sure that the reported defects have been successfully fixed and that the corrections haven’t unintentionally introduced new problems is the main goal. By running the same test cases that first revealed the flaws, this focused testing strategy verifies that the issues have been resolved.

60. What is Testing for Regression?

Ans:

Testing the regression model is the process of trying the entire application or a significant part after a change to ensure that the existing functionalities are unaffected. It helps identify any unintended side effects of modifications.

61. What do you mean by regression and confirmation Testing?

Ans:

• Regression Testing: Re-test the unchanged parts of the software to ensure that the recent changes have not negatively impacted the existing functionalities.
• Confirmation Testing: Re-testing a fixed defect to confirm that the fix was successful and did not introduce new issues.

62. What is Localization Testing (L10N Examining)?

Ans:

• Definition: Localization testing, also known as place-based adapting, modifies software for particular locations to make sure it complies with linguistic, cultural, and regional standards.
• Important Elements: includes consideration for the user’s experience, cultural sensitivity, regional compliance, and language compatibility.
• Goal: Make sure the application seamlessly adjusts to the target audience’s linguistic and cultural quirks.

63. What is GUI Testing?

Ans:

GUI testing, also known as Graphical User Interface testing, is concerned with assessing a software application’s visual components. It guarantees that menus, buttons, icons, and the user interface as a whole operate as intended. This testing confirms that the graphical elements provide a smooth and intuitive user experience and comply with design specifications.

64. What is Recovery Testing?

Ans:

Recovery testing evaluates a system’s resilience to malfunctions or crashes. It assesses the software’s ability to recover data and carry on with regular operations following unforeseen circumstances like system crashes or power outages. This testing guarantees that the program can continue to function and maintain data integrity even in challenging circumstances.

65. What is Globalization Testing?

Ans:

Software applications are tested for globalization to make sure they work properly across different cultures and locations. It includes testing for currency symbols, date and time formats, language support, and other features that might differ depending on the location. This testing ensures that the application can be tailored to audiences around the world while still offering a consistent and culturally relevant user experience.

66. What is Installation Testing?

Ans:

• Software is installed, configured, and uninstalled correctly thanks to the verification process.
• Examines file locations, registry entries, and the installation process.
• Experiments on a range of environments and operating systems.
• Evaluates any effects that installation may have on currently installed software.

67. What is Formal Testing?

Ans:

• Structured Approach: Adheres to a predefined, structured procedure.
• Documentation: Based on the requirements, create legal test plans, cases, and scripts.
• Systematic and Planned: Follows a well-thought-out testing strategy.
• Coverage: Ensures thorough and systematic test coverage.

68. What is Risk-Based Testing?

Ans:

Risk-based Testing is an approach that prioritizes testing efforts based on the identified risks in a project. The idea is to focus testing on areas that pose the highest risk to the project’s success or potentially have the most significant negative impact.

69. What is Compatibility Testing?

Ans:

Compatibility Testing ensures a software application works correctly across browsers, operating systems, devices, and network environments. It helps verify that the application can deliver a consistent user experience across various platforms.

70. What is Testing for Usability?

Ans:

A software application’s usability and intuitiveness are assessed through usability testing. Testers observe real users interacting with the application to identify usability issues, such as confusing interfaces, unclear instructions, or navigation difficulties.

71. What is Monkey Testing?

Ans:

Monkey Testing, also known as Random Testing, is a testing approach where testers randomly test the application without a predefined test plan. It involves inputting random or unexpected data to identify defects that may not be found through more structured testing approaches.

72. What is Testing for security?

Ans:

• Vulnerabilities and flaws in a software application’s security are found through security testing.
•  Features. It aims to safeguard the application against data breaches, illegal access, and other security threats.

73. Explain the Performance Testing?

Ans:

• Definition: Assesses how a system performs under specific conditions and workloads.
• Objectives:Measures response times, throughput, and overall system stability.
• Types include load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing.
• Tools: Uses performance testing tools to simulate various scenarios.

74. Explain the Load Testing?

Ans:

• The purpose of this test is to determine a system’s ability to handle expected load levels.
• Scenarios: Simulates multiple users accessing the application at the same time.
• Measures: Looks at response times, resource utilization, and system behavior when under stress.
• Identifies: Aids in the identification of performance bottlenecks and areas for improvement.

75. What is Soak Testing?

Ans:

Soak Testing, or Endurance Testing, involves running a system or application under an average production load for a long time to find problems with performance that may arise over time. It helps assess the system’s stability and behaviour under sustained usage.

76. What is Endurance Testing?

Ans:

Endurance Testing, synonymous with Soak Testing, assesses the system’s ability to handle a sustained load over an extended period. The objective is to pinpoint problems with memory leakage, resource depletion, or gradual performance decline.

77. What is Testing by Volume?

Ans:

• Definition: Examines the system’s behavior and performance using a large volume of data.
• Scalability:Scalability of the application in handling increasing data volumes is tested.
• Resource Usage: Investigates how the system manages, processes, and retrieves data at various volumes.
• Impact Analysis: Determines the impact of increased data volume on response times and overall system functionality.

78. What is Scalability Testing?

Ans:

Scalability testing is a critical evaluation process that determines a system’s ability to accommodate an increasing workload or data volume without compromising performance. The primary goal is to evaluate the system’s ability to scale up efficiently, ensuring that it can meet the demands of an expanding user base or increasing data requirements. This testing methodology entails gradually increasing the load on the system and observing its behavior, response times, and resource utilization under varying levels of stress.

79. What is Concurrency Testing?

Ans:

Concurrency testing evaluates how well an application manages multiple concurrent users or transactions. This type of testing is critical for identifying and addressing potential data integrity, locking mechanisms, and synchronization issues in a multi-user environment. Concurrency Testing ensures the application’s robustness and stability under varying loads by simulating real-world scenarios with multiple users accessing the system at the same time.

80. What is Fuzz Testing?

Ans:

Fuzz Testing, also known as Fuzzing, is a security testing technique that involves feeding a system invalid, unexpected, or random data. The goal is to identify vulnerabilities, flaws, or unexpected behaviors that may occur when the application encounters unexpected inputs. Fuzz Testing, which is widely used in security testing, seeks to identify potential flaws in software by subjecting it to a variety of input scenarios.

81. What are the principles of Software Testing?

Ans:

Some principles of software testing include:

• Testing shows the presence of defects.
• Exhaustive Testing is not possible.
• Early Testing is essential.
• Defect clustering occurs.
• Pesticide Paradox.
• Testing is context-dependent.

82. Who is involved in an inspection meeting?

Ans:

Participants in an inspection meeting typically include:

• Moderator or leader
• Author (person who created the document or code)
• Reviewers (individuals reviewing the document or code)
• Recorder (individual documenting issues and decisions)

83. What is meant by browser automation?

Ans:

Browser Automation refers to the use of automated testing tools or scripts to perform tasks within a web browser. It involves simulating user interactions, such as clicks, form submissions, and navigation, to test web applications efficiently and consistently.

84. What is Interface Testing?

Ans:

Interface Testing verifies the interactions between different software components or systems. It can involve testing the integration points, data transfer, and communication protocols to ensure the interfaces work correctly and smoothly. Interface Testing is crucial in systems with multiple interconnected modules or external integrations.

85. What is Testing for Reliability?

Ans:

Among the tests available is Reliability Testing, which assesses the stability and dependability of a software application under normal and extreme conditions. The objective is to locate any weak areas and ensure that the application operates reliably over an extended period.

86. What is Bucket Testing?

Ans:

Bucket Testing, also known as A/B/n Testing, is used in marketing and software development to compare two or more versions of a product or feature. Users are randomly assigned to different “buckets” representing different versions, and their behaviour or preferences are analyzed to determine the most effective version.

87. What are A/B Comparisons?

Ans:

• To determine performance, two variants (A and B) of a webpage, application, or feature are compared.
• Users are divided into two groups, each of which is exposed to a different version.
• Analyzes user behavior to make data-driven design or functionality decisions.
• Determines which variant is superior in terms of user engagement or specific metrics.

88. What is Split Testing?

Ans:

• In the same way that A/B Testing entails comparing the effectiveness of two iterations of a product.
• To determine the most effective design or content, test variations of specific elements or features.
• Users are typically exposed to one of the tested versions at random.
• Making decisions based on user response data to improve product design or content.

89. What are Comprehensive Examinations?

Ans:

Exhaustive Testing aims to test every conceivable combination of inputs and scenarios for a software application. However, due to the vast number of possibilities, it is usually impractical and not feasible to achieve complete coverage.

90. What is Early Testing?

Ans:

Early Testing emphasizes starting the testing process as early as possible in the software development life cycle. By identifying and fixing defects early, the cost of addressing issues is reduced, and the overall quality of the software is improved.

91. What is Defect Clustering?

Ans:

Defect Clustering is the phenomenon where a small number of modules or components contain most defects. Focusing testing efforts on critical areas identified in previous testing phases can be more effective in finding defects.

92. What is Pesticide Paradox?

Ans:

The Pesticide Paradox in software testing refers to the idea that if the same set of tests is repeated over time, the effectiveness of these tests diminishes as the system evolves. To overcome this, the test suite must be regularly reviewed and updated with new test cases to find different defects.

93. What distinguishes crowdsourced Testing from outsourcing testing?

Ans:

• Outsourced Testing: In Outsourced Testing, a specific testing task or project is delegated to a third-party testing service or company. The testing team is typically external to the organization developing the software.
• Crowdsourced Testing: Crowdsourced Testing involves leveraging a diverse group of testers from various locations and backgrounds to test a software application. Testers are not part of a dedicated testing company but are individuals who contribute their testing efforts.

94. What is Random Testing?

Ans:

Adhoc Testing is a non-formal method of Testing in which testers explore the application without predefined test cases or plans. Testers use their intuition, experience, and domain knowledge to identify defects ad hoc.

95. What is Cross-Browser Testing?

Ans:

Cross-Browser Testing verifies that a web application works correctly and consistently across browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer). It guarantees a uniform user experience independent of the browser being used.